Dam, retaining-wall, or breakwater.



`110.8131595. PATBNTBD'FBBgw, 1906.

' J. S.PIELDING.

, RETAININGWALL, 0R BEE DAM AKWATR. l 1905- APPLIoMiIoN FILED JAN. 1e

- s 'SHEETS-SHEET 1 neS-Ses. fini waff f JAN.16, v1905.

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' #www PATENTEDfPBB. 27, 1905.V

N0.813,695. A .y J. .3..FIBLDIN-G.'

DAM,RETAI NING WALL, 0R BREAKWATER.'

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 16, 1905. Y.

a SHBETSHEETQ Infezf SpecicatonvofLetters Patent.

JOHN s. FIELDINGL- O17 TORONTO, CANADA.

DAM, RE'TAlNlNG-WALL, on `|s|=xEAKwATEH.`

- rateatedreb. 27, 1906. i

, 'iplilimiomahnuary 16.1905. sesamo. 241,3.4ajy f- ToaaZL whom it may con/cern. .1

Be it'known that I, JOHN S. FIELDING, of the city of Toronto,` in the` county of York and Province of Ontario, Canada, have'in'- vented certain new and useful Im rovements in Dams, Retainin -Walls, an Breakwaters; and l hereby eclarethatthe following isa full, clear, and exact description of the same..

` Wall7 or breakwater in which the base, the

This linvention-relates to va dam, retainingwalls for the up and down stream faces, and the cross-walls are of. a non-erosive nature -to resist the eroding action of the water and are preferably constructed of cement or concrete, so that the entire structure will be a homogeneous unit to allow of the pressure on y any part of it being distributed evenly ina dam, partly insection.

greater or less degree to the other parts, the objects of the invention bein first, to so construct the dam, &c`., that t e sliding and overturning safety factors may be materially increased without necessitating a correspond- 'ing increase in the cost of construction; second, to construct the dam'of as nearly a uniform 'cross-section as the special conditions will permit, so as to obtain suicient strength at the top to act in conjunction with the necessary strength given at thebottom to maintain the alinement-of the structure on plan throughout its entire length' and to insure ani equal and uniform strength as o posed to an equal and uniform pressure. T ese objectsare attained by maklng the dam of a comparatively great width between its upstream and its downstream faces and building up from each edge of the base the wall for the up and down stream faces of sufficient thickness to be stable for the work required of them,`

such walls being braced at sultable intervals by cross-walls, which form with the walls for the up and down stream faces chambers or cavities to be filledwith earth, gravel, broken stone, debris,'o r, in some cases, water, to in-v crease the total weight of the structure in an inexpensive manner. A

For a full understanding of the invention reference is to be had to the following description and to which* Figure 1 is a side elevation of the dam, partly in section. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the4 Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section of thespillway-dam shown in Figs. 1. and 2., Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sec' tion of a dam without a spillway. Fig. 5 isa the accompanying drawings, 1nl

.vertical cross-section of a modification of the dam .shown in Fi 4.' Fig. 6 is a verticalv cross-section of a ther modification of the construction shown in Fig. 4.' Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-section of a modification 'of the construction shown in Fig.- 5, in which the cavity or chamber between the'walls of the up' and down stream faces' is divided b a 'longitudinal wall extending to the usua 'crosswalls where such cross-walls occur. Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-section of aspillway-dam utilizin the -vertical pressure of. the water as a furt er aid to its stability. Fig. 9 is avertical cross-section of a dam wherein the water is admitted to the cavity or chamber between the walls for the up and'down streamfaces. Fig. 10 isa modification ofthe construction shown in Fi 9. f Fig. 11 is a vertical crosssection of a rther modification of the dam shown in Fi s. 4 and 6. Fi 12 is a side elevation, part y in section, of' t e dam shown in Fig. 10. Fi 13 is a plan View, partly in section, of the am shown in Fi 12. Fig. 14 is a vertical'cross-section of a am constructed on the same principle asl the dams shown in vFi s. 10, 12, and 13.

taining-wall, or breakwater, the width of which will depend upon the coefficient of friction of the subbase and the materialcomiprosing the structure. Extending upwardly om the opposite sides of the base o are the face-walls c and for theup and down stream faces, respectively, preferably const'ructed of the samematerial as the base, which is preferably lcement or concrete, so that they will form a homogeneous unit to distribute the water-pressure upon any part of the upstream faces to the other arts of the dam and subbase. The face-wal s d and c are braced at suitable intervals with crosswalls e, andA between the cross-walls@ and face-walls c andd are cavities or chambers f to receive an inexpensive filling-such as earth, gravel, broken stone, debris, or, in some cases,

materially to the cost of its construction.

When water is use d as a filling for the cavi ties orchambers f, ,anl lnletopening g 1s formed through the upstream face for each IOO IIO

` access between the water in the reservoir and the water in the chamber or cavity between the face-walls, whereby water-pressure may be admitted u on the upper face lof the base b in varying egrees according to the depth of the water in thereservoir, so as to corres ondingly increase the total pressure of the am upon the Subbase.

At the ends ofv the dam lare abutments h, integrally formed with the base and the facewalls of the dam, the abutments being constructed, preferably, oi the same material as is used in the construction of these parts, and each abutment may be described as consisting of a base t, up and down stream walls and kyrespectively, side walls Z, and crosswalls m, interposed'between the side walls to form chambers or cavities o, which may be filled with the same kindand quality' of filling material as the chambers or cavities between the face-walls.

Along the faces of the side walls of the abutment adjoining' the banks are drainpipes p, and contained in the dam are drainplpesg'tlo carry off and deliver downstream other chambers in the abutments filled with the drainage which iilters through from the reservoir to insure the filling within the chambers being kept comparatively free from moisture.

Within the abutments are vertical chambers 0 adjoining the reservoir, fittednvith sluice-gates r, through which thewater in the reservoir may enter the chambers7 such sluicegates beinglocated as near the bottoms of the chambers as oss'ible to obtain the advantage to be derlved jfrom the vwater being forcedvunder pressure through the. sluicegates into the chambers, and fitted to the chambers 0 are tunnels s' to carry off the water and deliver it downstream, and thus assist to relieve the flood in the reservoir and reduce the volume of flood-water passing over the spillway. y

Having thus Jfully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An improvement m dams, retaining- 'walls and other like structures, comprising a base and vertical face-walls united to the base constructed of non-erosive material, a filling of inexpenslve materlal contained between the face-walls, and abutments at the ends of the Jface-walls constructed'of like material having therein chambers filled with an inexpensive material.

2. An improvement in dams, retainingwalls and other like structures, com rising a base and vertical face-walls unite to the base constructed of non-erosive material, a filling of inexpensive material contained between the face-walls, and abutments at the ends of the face-wallsl havingvertical chambers adjoining the reservoir fitted with sluice-gates, andwater-duot's to carry away the'water from the chambers to the down- Stream.

3.. An lm rovement -m dams, retainingwalls and ot er like structures, comprising a y 4. An im rovement lin dams, retainingl walls and ot er like structures,'comprising a base and vertical face-walls united tothe" base constructed of non-erosivematerial, a filling of inexpensive material contained between the face-walls, abutments at the ends of the Jface-walls havingvertical chambers vadjoiningthe -reservoir fitted with sluiceigratas, water-ducts tocarry away'the water om the chambers tothe downstream, and

inexpensive material.

5. An im rovement in dams, retainingwalls and ot erA like structures comprisinga base and vertical face-walls united to the base constructed of non-erosive material, a filling of inexpensive material contained between the face-walls, abutments at the ends of the face-walls having vertical chambers adjoining the reservoir fitted withl sluiceates, water-ducts to carry away the water om the chambers to the downstream, other chambers in the abutments filled lwith inexensive material and I drains along the outer iaces of the abutment-walls.

6. An improvement in dams, retainingwalls and other like structures comprising .a base and vertical 4face-'walls united to the base constructed of non-erosive material,.the upstream` face wall having inlet openings through which the water from the reservoir may enter the space between the face-walls.

7. An .improvement in dams, retainingwalls and other like structures, comprising a base, vertical face-walls'united to Athe base and cross-walls bracing the face-walls intermediate their ends constructed of non-erosive material, the upstream face-wall having inlet-openings through which the water'from' the reservior may enter the space between the face-walls. l y

Toronto, December 16, A. D. 1904.

' JOHNS. FIELDING. In presence of- L, F. BROCK, C. H. RIoHEs.

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